I can recommend PDF-XChange Editor.
Here is how it meets your requirements:
- YES: Adding, removing and extracting pages
- YES: Marking up the pdf with text, images and tools such as circles and rectangles
- YES: Nice to have – replacing existing text. If not then whitening selected text.
- YES. There is a free version, as well as two different one-time fee versions (standard and plus): No licensing or subscription. I am happy to pay a one time fee (an upgrade fees if I want the upgrades).
- YES. You didn’t specify the currency, but if that is USD, it’s currently $56 for the standard edition and $72 for the “plus” edition (in addition to the free edition). All have amazing features!: Under $50 would be ideal. I may consider up to $200 if it has amazing features.
- YES: Nice to have – filling text fields and signatures. Then I can ditch Acrobat.
The only downsides to this software is that it is closed-source and it is not currently cross-platform (Windows only). It may work on Linux under Wine, but I’ve never tried it given that Linux has much better PDF tools than Windows.